[{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/www.zulpcb.cz\/jak-pocitaji-kalkulacky\/#Article","mainEntityOfPage":"https:\/\/www.zulpcb.cz\/jak-pocitaji-kalkulacky\/","headline":"Jak po\u010d\u00edtaj\u00ed kalkula\u010dky?","name":"Jak po\u010d\u00edtaj\u00ed kalkula\u010dky?","description":"Kdy\u017e vy a j\u00e1 vypo\u010d\u00edt\u00e1me dva plus dva, p\u0159edstavujeme si \u0159adu \u010d\u00edsel, za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1me na dvou a p\u0159esko\u010d\u00edme na p\u00e1r bod\u016f, abychom se dostali na \u010dty\u0159i (toto jsme d\u011blali, dokud jsme si nezapamatovali spr\u00e1vnou odpov\u011b\u010f). \u00a0 Na\u0161e my\u0161len\u00ed n\u00e1m umo\u017e\u0148uje si takto jednoduch\u00fd v\u00fdpo\u010det p\u0159edstavit. Jak je na tom ale kalkula\u010dka? \u00a0 Nejd\u0159\u00edve postup: kdy\u017e stisknete […]","datePublished":"2025-03-01","dateModified":"2023-05-04","author":{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/www.zulpcb.cz\/author\/#Person","name":"","url":"https:\/\/www.zulpcb.cz\/author\/","identifier":1,"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/c065076eb86551fdb70725c8063acf1b60a8edaed14ed654228c4cba13121c83?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/c065076eb86551fdb70725c8063acf1b60a8edaed14ed654228c4cba13121c83?s=96&d=mm&r=g","height":96,"width":96}},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"zulpcb.cz","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"\/logo.png","url":"\/logo.png","width":600,"height":60}},"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/www.zulpcb.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/img_a297848_w2214_t1508227230.jpg","url":"https:\/\/www.zulpcb.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/img_a297848_w2214_t1508227230.jpg","height":0,"width":0},"url":"https:\/\/www.zulpcb.cz\/jak-pocitaji-kalkulacky\/","wordCount":391,"articleBody":"Kdy\u017e vy a j\u00e1 vypo\u010d\u00edt\u00e1me dva plus dva, p\u0159edstavujeme si \u0159adu \u010d\u00edsel, za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1me na dvou a p\u0159esko\u010d\u00edme na p\u00e1r bod\u016f, abychom se dostali na \u010dty\u0159i (toto jsme d\u011blali, dokud jsme si nezapamatovali spr\u00e1vnou odpov\u011b\u010f).\u00a0Na\u0161e my\u0161len\u00ed n\u00e1m umo\u017e\u0148uje si takto jednoduch\u00fd v\u00fdpo\u010det p\u0159edstavit. Jak je na tom ale kalkula\u010dka?\u00a0Nejd\u0159\u00edve postup: kdy\u017e stisknete tla\u010d\u00edtko 2, tla\u010d\u00edtko stla\u010d\u00ed gumovou podlo\u017eku pod n\u00edm, co\u017e zase zatla\u010duje elektrick\u00fd vodi\u010d do kontaktu s jin\u00fdm, \u010d\u00edm\u017e vytvo\u0159\u00ed obvod mezi nimi. Nap\u00e1jen bateri\u00ed, elektrick\u00e1 energie proud\u00ed pod\u00e9l obvodu k tranzistor\u016fm.\u00a0Tranzistory jsou mikroskopick\u00e9 elektrick\u00e9 sp\u00edna\u010de, kter\u00e9 maj\u00ed dv\u011b polohy: zapnuto a vypnuto. Zapnut\u00e1 pozice je reprezentov\u00e1na \u010d\u00edslem 1 a poloha vypnuto \u010d\u00edslem 0.\u00a0Pot\u00e9 stiskn\u011bte tla\u010d\u00edtko „+“. A dva dr\u00e1tky pod t\u00edm se spoj\u00ed do kontaktu, \u010d\u00edm\u017e za\u010dne proudit elektrick\u00e1 energie takov\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem, \u017ee se ulo\u017e\u00ed prvn\u00ed vstup (2), signalizuje se dopl\u0148uj\u00edc\u00ed funkce a kalkula\u010dka je p\u0159ipravena na nov\u00fd vstup. Stisknete tla\u010d\u00edtko 2. Stejn\u011b jako to prvn\u00ed, elektrick\u00e9 proudy p\u0159ekl\u00e1daj\u00ed va\u0161e 2 do bin\u00e1rn\u00edho k\u00f3du t\u00edm, \u017ee p\u0159ep\u00ednaj\u00ed jeden tranzistor a jin\u00fd rozp\u00ednaj\u00ed.\u00a0Nakonec stiskn\u011bte tla\u010d\u00edtko =. Nyn\u00ed m\u00e1 kalkula\u010dka spou\u0161t\u011bt d\u0159\u00edve zadan\u00fd p\u0159\u00edkaz +. Dva z jeho tranzistor\u016f odpov\u00eddaj\u00ed prvn\u00edmu 2, kter\u00fd jste stiskli, a dal\u0161\u00ed p\u00e1r tranzistor\u016f, odpov\u00edd\u00e1 druh\u00e9mu \u010d\u00edslu 2. Nyn\u00ed mus\u00ed kalkula\u010dka d\u00e1t tyto vstupy dohromady.\u00a0Kalkula\u010dky (a po\u010d\u00edta\u010de) kombinuj\u00ed vstupy pomoc\u00ed elektronick\u00fdch komponent naz\u00fdvan\u00fdch logick\u00e9 br\u00e1ny. Jak nazna\u010duje n\u00e1zev, logick\u00e1 br\u00e1na p\u016fsob\u00ed jako bari\u00e9ra v elektronick\u00e9m obvodu; vezme dva elektrick\u00e9 proudy, porovn\u00e1 je a vys\u00edl\u00e1 nov\u00fd proud zalo\u017een\u00fd na tom, co zjist\u00ed.\u00a0V\u0161echny tyto obvody se objevuj\u00ed bleskov\u011b a produkuj\u00ed na displeji v\u00fdsledek zd\u00e1nliv\u011b okam\u017eit\u011b. Chcete-li prov\u00e1d\u011bt slo\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdpo\u010dty, nap\u0159\u00edklad vyn\u00e1soben\u00edm nebo d\u011blen\u00edm obrovsk\u00fdch \u010d\u00edsel, prov\u00e1d\u00ed kalkula\u010dka dlouhou \u0159adu jednoduch\u00fdch dodatk\u016f a od\u010d\u00edt\u00e1n\u00ed, kter\u00e9 se v\u0161echny podobaj\u00ed v\u00fd\u0161e uveden\u00e9mu popisu 2 + 2. Takov\u00e9 v\u00fdpo\u010dty trvaj\u00ed d\u00e9le, ale p\u0159esto je to jen oko.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        3.9\/5 - (9 votes)        "},{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BreadcrumbList","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Jak po\u010d\u00edtaj\u00ed kalkula\u010dky?","item":"https:\/\/www.zulpcb.cz\/jak-pocitaji-kalkulacky\/#breadcrumbitem"}]}]